Final answer:
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is released in response to fluid overload in the heart, typically associated with heart failure. This hormone helps reduce blood volume and pressure by promoting diuresis and natriuresis and suppressing several hormones that affect fluid balance. the correct option is d. When a patient has ventricular hypertrophy.
Step-by-step explanation:
This condition typically occurs in patients with heart failure when the ventricles are excessively stretched due to increased blood volume and pressure. The secretion of BNP by ventricular cells acts as a counter-regulatory mechanism against volume overload, leading to diuresis and natriuresis, to reduce blood pressure and blood volume.
BNP promotes the loss of sodium and water via the kidneys, which results in a decrease of fluid in the body, effectively reducing blood volume and pressure. It also suppresses the production and release of renin, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), helping to alleviate the fluid-overloaded state. BNP release is a physiological response to the strain put on the heart's chambers by the increased extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and blood pressure.