Final answer:
True, employees and job applicants generally do not have to take lie detector tests according to the Employee Polygraph Protection Act. There are specific exceptions where such tests may be required for certain industries. This is separate from provisions regarding the right to work or the prohibition of discrimination in employment.
Step-by-step explanation:
True, employees and job applicants are generally not required to take lie detector tests pursuant to the Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988. However, there are exceptions where such tests may be administered, for example, in security and pharmaceutical industries, among others. This Act was primarily established to protect employees and job applicants from having to submit to lie detector tests that could be invasive and unreliable.
Moreover, it's important to note that the Act you're referring to could encompass various laws and provisions involving employment, such as ensuring that employees have the right to work in the country and the prohibition of discrimination, as outlined in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This law forbids discrimination in employment on bases including race, color, religion, sex, or national origin and does not mention polygraph tests specifically.