Final answer:
Nosocomial diseases are infections acquired in a healthcare facility. They are caused by pathogens introduced through various means, such as contaminated equipment or lack of hygiene. Factors contributing to these diseases include transmission through contact, weakened immune systems, and the selection of drug-resistant bacteria.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nosocomial diseases are infections or diseases that are acquired in a hospital or other healthcare facility. These diseases are caused by pathogens that are introduced to the patients through various means, such as contaminated medical equipment, improper sterilization, or healthcare workers not practicing proper hygiene. Examples of nosocomial diseases include skin infections, sinusitis, food poisoning, and opportunistic infections.
The prevalence and severity of nosocomial diseases can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, sick patients bring pathogens into the hospitals, and some of these pathogens can be easily transmitted through contact or contaminated surfaces. Secondly, many hospital patients have weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections. Finally, the use of antibiotics in hospital settings can contribute to the selection of drug-resistant bacteria, which are difficult to treat.