Final answer:
Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus is managed through lifestyle changes and medication or insulin therapy. Glucose tolerance testing confirms high blood glucose levels, which require medical treatment to prevent complications such as hypoglycemia from excessive insulin.
Step-by-step explanation:
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia, a condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal. This can be confirmed with a glucose tolerance test (GTT), particularly in patients who don't have glucosuria but may still have diabetes due to a high renal threshold for glucose. An A1c level above 10% or blood glucose (BG) levels over 300 mg/dL indicate the need for immediate medical intervention to manage diabetes.
The treatment for individuals experiencing ongoing weight loss, symptoms of hyperglycemia, or with high A1c/BG levels includes lifestyle modifications such as moderate weight loss, regular physical activity, and a healthful diet. These actions aim to reduce blood glucose levels. However, when lifestyle changes are insufficient, medications or insulin therapy may be necessary to control the disease.
Insulin therapy must be carefully monitored to prevent complications such as hypoglycemia, which indicates an excess insulin dosage. If hypoglycemia persists, the insulin dose should be reduced to ensure patient safety. Recognition of insulin antagonists and renal dysfunction is also crucial in managing hyperglycemia and determining the appropriate treatment regimen.
With proper diabetes management, including monitoring of blood glucose and adherence to treatment protocols, diabetes-induced hyperglycemia can be better controlled, thereby reducing the risk of associated complications.