Final answer:
Cultural relativism in anthropology is a foundational principle used for understanding and respecting various cultural norms and practices by evaluating them within their own contexts. It challenges ethnocentrism and promotes deep cross-cultural understanding, while not disregarding human rights concerns.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Cultural Relativism in Anthropology
In anthropology, cultural relativism is used to understand and respect the practices and beliefs of different cultures by evaluating them within their own context. It was first formally introduced by Franz Boas and is crucial to developing a deeper understanding of a culture without the cloud of ethnocentrism. This method involves setting aside personal judgments and considering cultural norms, values, and practices in their local significance and function. Contrary to being an 'anything goes' ideology, cultural relativism encourages a more informed and empathetic viewpoint, enhancing cross-cultural communication and cooperation.
Anthropologists use holistic techniques for analysis, patiently listening and learning from cultural insiders before forming judgments. In more contemporary approaches, such as what Michael Brown describes as 'cultural relativism 2.0', there is still an emphasis on respecting and understanding other cultures while also acknowledging the importance of considering human rights. This nuanced perspective reflects an ongoing dialogue within anthropology about how to reconcile respect for cultural diversity with universal standards of welfare and rights.