Final answer:
State-level societies are characterized by centralized governments, social stratification, formalized social control mechanisms, and a defined territory.
Step-by-step explanation:
State-level societies have four basic characteristics: a centralized government, social stratification, formalized social control, and a defined territory. Firstly, a centralized government typically involves a bureaucracy that helps to administer the laws and policies of the state. Secondly, social stratification means that groups within the society are ranked according to wealth, power, or prestige. This is generally reflected in a clear class system. Thirdly, formalized social control mechanisms such as laws, legal institutions, and military forces are established to maintain order and enforce the state's authority. Lastly, a defined territory refers to the geographical area over which a state exerts its control and the exclusive authority of its government is recognized.
These characteristics help distinguish state societies from other types of political organizations, such as chiefdoms, and play a crucial role in the functionality and stability of more complex societies with large, diverse populations.