Final answer:
Dr. Downey's perspective on whether the U.S. is a gradational or divided class society is not specified. A gradational class society has a continuum of social classes with fluid mobility, while a divided class society has rigid, clear separations between classes. The major divisions of U.S. social class are upper, middle, and lower, with differences in power and control.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Dr. Downey, it is not specified whether he considers the U.S. to be a gradational or a divided class society. However, we can discuss the implications of both concepts. A gradational class society is one where social classes form a continuum, with differences between them in terms of wealth, prestige, and power being more a matter of degree. This allows for fluid social mobility, where individuals or groups can move between classes based on their achievements, income, education, or other factors.
In contrast, a divided class society is characterized by significant and often rigid divides between classes, where social mobility is limited, and one's class is more determined by birth or ascription rather than achievement. In such societies, there is a clear separation and limited interaction between classes.
The implications of these types of class systems are vast. In gradational systems, individuals may feel more motivated to work hard and achieve success since they believe they can move up in social standings. However, it may also result in overemphasis on material success and individualism. In divided class systems, social cohesion might be challenging to achieve, and there may be more social unrest since significant portions of the population feel disadvantaged and powerless to change their circumstances.
Upper class, middle class, and lower class are the major divisions of U.S. social class, each with its power and control over their lives, shaping the members' opportunities and social mobility. Key subcategories within these main classes further detail the complexities of social hierarchies in the U.S. For example, middle class members typically have more control over their own lives than those in the lower class, who may have little control over their work or lives.