Final answer:
When lava domes collapse, they can trigger pyroclastic flows, lahars, and ash clouds. These natural hazards can cause destruction and have widespread impacts on the surrounding area.
Step-by-step explanation:
When lava domes collapse, they can trigger several natural hazards and phenomena. One of the most common triggers is a pyroclastic flow, which is a fast-moving mixture of hot ash, gas, and volcanic material. Pyroclastic flows can travel down the slopes of a volcano at high speeds, destroying everything in their path.
Another common trigger is lahars, which are volcanic mudflows or debris flows. When the collapse of a lava dome occurs, it can generate lahars as the hot rocks and volcanic material mix with water and flow down the volcano's slopes.
Lava domes collapsing can also lead to ash clouds and volcanic ash fall. The collapse can release a large amount of ash into the atmosphere, which can be carried by wind and deposited over a wide area surrounding the volcano.