Final answer:
Sexual dimorphism refers to the differences in physical appearance or behavior between males and females of the same species, which are a result of sexual selection and differ from reproductive organs. Traits like body size, color, and ornamentation, influenced by reproductive success, contribute to these differences.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sexual dimorphism refers to the physical or physiological differences between males and females of the same species, beyond their reproductive organs. This phenomenon is widespread among animal species, and it's imprinted in their morphology and behavior. In certain species, males may exhibit larger body size, more vibrant colors, and elaborate features to attract females, as seen with peacocks and their spectacular tails. Conversely, females may be selected for different traits, such as nurturing behaviors or camouflage. These traits stem from different selective pressures in sexual selection, where one sex might have more variance in reproductive success than the other. Variations such as these are the product of evolution, where traits that improve mating chances are passed on more frequently to the next generation. Sexual dimorphism can also occur in situations where roles are reversed; females may become larger and more dominant if those traits increase her mating success.