Final answer:
To prevent a febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR), measures such as leukoreduction of blood products, using washed red blood cells, and pre-medication with antipyretics and antihistamines can be taken.
Step-by-step explanation:
A febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) occurs when a patient experiences a fever after receiving a blood transfusion, but without any evidence of hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells) or an immune response against the transfused RBCs. This reaction is typically caused by the recipient's white blood cells reacting to HLA antigens present on the transfused leukocytes. To prevent this reaction, several measures can be taken:
- Leukoreduction of blood products: This involves removing or reducing the number of leukocytes (white blood cells) in the blood products before transfusion. Leukoreduced blood products significantly decrease the risk of FNHTRs.
- Use of washed red blood cells: Washing the red blood cells before transfusion removes any residual plasma or leukocytes, further reducing the risk of FNHTRs.
- Pre-medication with antipyretics and antihistamines: Administering medications such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) and diphenhydramine (Benadryl) before the transfusion can help prevent or alleviate the symptoms of FNHTRs.