Final answer:
A civil wrong, such as bad behavior, is known as a tort and falls under civil law, which involves harms caused by one party to another and may result in legal action. Civil disobedience is a nonviolent violation of law to enact change, illustrating complex moral assessments in legal issues. Informal sanctions can happen as a social repercussion of deviance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for a civil wrong, such as bad behavior, is typically referred to as a tort. This is distinct from crimes, which are behaviors that violate formal laws and are punishable by formal sanctions like imprisonment or fines. A tort is a wrongdoing that causes harm or injury to another person, and the individual who commits the tort can be held liable in a civil court. Examples of torts include negligence, where someone fails to take reasonable care and causes harm, or defamation, where one's false statements damage another person's reputation.
Civil law addresses disputes between private parties, and it often involves seeking compensation or remedy for the harm caused by one party to another. Civil wrongs don’t always involve illegal actions but are violations of individual rights. For example, in a business context, a manager who drives away customers with poor conduct might face a lawsuit for harming the business' interests. However, this is not considered a crime unless it involves a breach of law.
Civil disobedience, on the other hand, is a form of protest where individuals intentionally break laws, usually to promote changes in legislation or policy. It is characterized by being a public, nonviolent, and conscientious act, illustrating the complex nature of assessing right and wrong in legal and social contexts.
Informal sanctions such as shunning or disapproval can also occur in response to social deviance, which, while may not be illegal, goes against societal norms and expectations.