Question

Extrinsic Factors and Skull Morphology

Option 1: Genetics and climate influence skull shape.
Option 2: Diet and exercise impact skull structure.
Option 3: Education and occupation affect skull size.
Option 4: Hair color and eye shape determine skull morphology.

Answer 1

Extrinsic factors such as climate, diet, exercise, education, occupation, hair color, and eye shape can impact skull shape and structure, along with genetics.

Step-by-step explanation:

Influence on skull morphology can come from both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. While genetics do play a role, extrinsic factors such as climate, diet, exercise, education, occupation, hair color, and eye shape can also have an impact on skull shape and structure.

For example, regional standards of physical attractiveness and sexual selection can lead to evolutionary changes in body morphology. Additionally, factors like exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun can affect variations in skin pigmentation.

The bones of the skull develop during embryonic development through the process of intramembranous ossification, and fontanelles (soft spots) allow for the skull to change shape during birth and growth. These fontanelles disappear by age 2, but the skull bones remain separated at sutures to allow for continued growth.