Final answer:
Psychological egoism, which posits that all human actions are motivated by self-interest, is true in the context that it is a theoretical perspective used to interpret human behavior. It faces objections for possibly mixing up self-interest with actual motivation and does not account for acts that go against an individual's desires or well-being.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that psychological egoism maintains that self-oriented interests ultimately motivate all human actions is true. Psychological egoism is the view that humans are always motivated by self-interest, even when their actions appear altruistic. This theory posits that all human behavior can be explained by the pursuit of personal benefit, whether directly or indirectly obtained.
However, there are objections to psychological egoism suggesting that it confuses egoistic desires with motivation. An individual may act against their self-interest or desire, as seen in acts such as donating to charity versus purchasing a personal item like a new CD. Additionally, egoism contends that self-interest actions lead to the common good, referencing Adam Smith's view on unconstrained entrepreneurs. Yet, this can be fallacious since individual interests may conflict, especially under conditions such as scarcity.
Ethical egoism branches out with differing views. It articulates strong and weak positions, the strong asserting that it's always correct to pursue one's own good, while the weak allows for occasional deviations. Rational egoism aligns actions with one's own interest from a reasonable standpoint and it also has its strong and weak forms.