Final answer:
The retributive approach to crime and punishment is concerned with the just deserts of the offender, rather than increasing society's happiness. Therefore, the statement that punishment should increase the total amount of happiness in the world is false in the context of retribution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The retributive approach to crime and punishment is based on the idea that punishment is a deserved consequence of criminal behavior, rather than a tool for increasing happiness. It operates on the principle of justice, where offenders must pay for their wrongdoing, and that the punishment should fit the crime, aligning with historical codes such as the Code of Hammurabi. This philosophy differs significantly from utilitarian approaches, which prioritize actions that maximize overall happiness, including strategies such as rehabilitation and prevention. The retributive approach sees punishment as an end in itself, promoting the idea of balance and fairness in the criminal justice system, without necessarily focusing on the happiness of society at large.