Final answer:
Long-term ulcers can be caused by neoplastic lesions associated with chronic infections like Helicobacter pylori, which leads to peptic ulcers, or chronic usage of NSAIDs. H. pylori can survive in the stomach by neutralizing acidity, leading to recurring ulcers unless treated. Ulcerative colitis and diverticulitis can also cause chronic ulcers, which are managed with antibiotics, bowel rest, or surgery.
Step-by-step explanation:
Neoplastic Lesions and Chronic Ulcers
Neoplastic lesions that cause long-term ulcers are typically associated with chronic pathologies that occur over prolonged periods, such as months or even years. These include chronic infections like Helicobacter pylori, leading to peptic ulcers in the stomach and duodenum. H. pylori can persist in the stomach's acidic environment by producing urease, which neutralizes local acidity. If untreated with antibiotics, the infection can lead to recurrent ulcers.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are another common cause of peptic ulcers. Even though lifestyle factors such as diet and stress were historically believed to contribute to peptic ulcers, modern medical research identifies H. pylori infection and chronic NSAID use as primary causes. Therefore, managing these ulcers often involves antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori and medications to reduce stomach acid. If a peptic ulcer causes a deep tissue penetration or perforation, emergency surgery might be required.
Furthermore, conditions such as ulcerative colitis, which inflames the colon and rectum, and diverticulitis, an inflammation of pouches in the large intestine, can lead to chronic ulceration as well. Management of these conditions varies from antibiotics, bowel rest, and sometimes surgery, with the aim of reducing inflammation and preventing complications.