Final answer:
Emerson believed that unity is not equivalent to uniformity, meaning that individual differences can coexist within a cohesive society. His essays stress the importance of personal freedom and avoiding conformity, a concept reflected in principles of art, which balance unity and variety for a complete and engaging composition.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ralph Waldo Emerson believed that unity is not uniformity. This phrase signifies that true unity doesn't mean that everyone must be the same or conform to the same ideas and beliefs. Emerson championed the idea that individuals should have the freedom to express their unique thoughts and beliefs while still being part of a cohesive society. This concept is especially prominent in Emerson's essay "Self-Reliance", which encourages individuals to avoid conformity and follow their own instincts and ideas. Emerson's views also align with the art principle that while unity in composition brings a sense of completeness and cohesiveness, variety generates interest and prevents monotony.
These ideas can be seen in other domains as well, such as in Chinese philosophy which distinguishes between identity and harmony, and in art where unity and variety are both required to make a composition engaging and whole. The principle of unity and variety is also likened to an orchestra, where diverse musical notes or instruments come together harmoniously to create a symphony, exemplifying how diversity can contribute to a greater unified whole.