Final answer:
Sampson, Raudenbush & Earls (1997) coined the term "collective efficacy" in the field of Social Studies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sampson, Raudenbush & Earls (1997) coined the term "collective efficacy." Collective efficacy refers to the belief held by members of a community that they can effectively work together to achieve common goals. This concept has been used in social sciences to understand the impact of social networks and community resources on crime rates and neighborhood well-being.