Final answer:
The term stoma refers to an artificial opening created surgically to allow waste to exit the body, often used in procedures like an ileostomy when natural waste passage is inhibited.
Step-by-step explanation:
The medical term for an artificial opening created by surgery is called a stoma.
In surgeries such as an ileostomy, a stoma is created. This involves bringing a part of the small intestine (specifically the distal ileum) through the abdominal wall. The opening allows bodily waste to exit the body directly, which can then be collected in an external pouch or bag. A stoma may be necessary when certain diseases or conditions prevent the normal passage of waste through the rectum and anus.
Surgery that requires the exposure of bones to treat fractures, like a fractured diaphysis of a femur, is known as an open reduction. Unlike a closed reduction, open reduction is invasive and involves surgical intervention. An orthopedist is a medical specialist who may perform such procedures.