Final answer:
Anaphylactic shock, also known as anaphylaxis, is a severe and rapid allergic reaction that can cause respiratory distress and a significant drop in blood pressure. Immediate treatment with epinephrine is vital to counteract this reaction and can be life-saving. People with severe allergies typically carry an epinephrine autoinjector for emergencies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Anaphylactic Shock Explained
Anaphylactic shock, also known as anaphylaxis, is a systemic and potentially life-threatening type I hypersensitivity reaction. Anaphylaxis refers to a rapid, systemic reaction to allergens that may lead to life-threatening symptoms, including respiratory distress and plummeting blood pressure. This severe allergy is characterized by sudden, systemic mast cell degranulation causing a drop in blood pressure and contractions of bronchial smooth muscle following exposure to an allergen like shellfish, peanuts, bee stings, and certain medications such as penicillin.
The life-threatening symptoms of anaphylaxis require prompt treatment, which typically includes the administration of epinephrine. Epinephrine works by raising blood pressure and relaxing bronchial smooth muscle, thereby counteracting the effects of anaphylactic shock. Individuals with known severe allergies often carry an epinephrine autoinjector, such as an EpiPen®, to provide immediate treatment and mitigate the reaction until medical care can be accessed.