Final answer:
A peptic ulcer is a craterlike sore caused mostly by an infection with Helicobacter pylori, which can be treated with antibiotics and acid-suppressing medications, although severe cases can require surgery.
Step-by-step explanation:
A peptic ulcer is a craterlike sore that can develop on the lining of the stomach or duodenum. The most common cause of a peptic ulcer is infection with a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). These bacteria can survive the acidic environment of the stomach by producing urease, which neutralizes stomach acids, making the environment less hostile for their survival.
The usual treatment for a peptic ulcer includes a combination of antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori, and acid-lowering medications to promote healing of the stomach lining. In cases where the ulcer has caused deeper tissue penetration leading to perforation, emergency surgery may be required. It's crucial to obtain a proper diagnosis, often via endoscopy, and follow a complete treatment regime to prevent complications such as bleeding or perforation which can be life-threatening.
It is important to note that while H. pylori infection is the leading cause of peptic ulcers, other factors such as regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and certain lifestyle habits might augment the risk of developing peptic ulcers. Barry Marshall and Robin Warren were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for discovering the link between H. pylori and peptic ulcers, challenging the former belief that they were caused by stress or spicy foods.