Final answer:
The nurse should instruct the patient to monitor for headache, weight gain, and nasal irritation as potential adverse effects of desmopressin (DDAVP), due to its properties as a synthetic analogue of ADH. Hypotension and hyperglycemia are not common side effects of this medication.
Step-by-step explanation:
When teaching a patient about the adverse effects of desmopressin (DDAVP), the nurse should mention several potential side effects for monitoring. Desmopressin, a synthetic analogue of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH), may lead to water retention and should prompt patients to watch for signs like headache and weight gain due to potential water intoxication. Both these symptoms occur as a result of excessive water retention. However, hypotension is not typically associated with desmopressin; in fact, ADH can cause vasoconstriction and might increase blood pressure. The hormone's action on the kidneys also does not directly affect blood glucose levels; thus, hyperglycemia is not a common side effect. Desmopressin is often administered nasally, which can cause nasal irritation. Therefore, the nurse should include instructions to monitor for headache, weight gain, and nasal irritation as potential adverse effects of desmopressin.