Final answer:
The corneal light reflex test evaluates the symmetry of light reflection on the corneas and the corresponding blink response, which involves the trigeminal and facial nerves and is indicative of proper eye alignment and cranial nerve function.
Step-by-step explanation:
When performing a corneal light reflex test, a nurse is looking for the symmetry of the light reflection on the corneas. This is an assessment of cranial nerve function, specifically examining the integrity of the trigeminal (CN V) and facial (CN VII) nerves. The expectation is that when a light is shone toward the bridge of the nose, the reflection of the light on each cornea should be in the same exact spot on each eye, which would indicate normal alignment and equal function of the extraocular muscles.
The corneal reflex is also involved in blinking, which is initiated when the cornea is stimulated. The sensory component travels through the trigeminal nerve, and the motor response travels through the facial nerve to the orbicularis oculi muscle, causing a blink response to protect the eye. In clinical practice, inconsistent or abnormal responses during the corneal light reflex test may indicate issues such as a strabismus, cranial nerve palsy, or other neurological deficits.