Final answer:
Information gained from the physician-patient relationship is best described as Confidential communication which protects the privacy of patient's health information under regulations like HIPAA.
Step-by-step explanation:
The information gained as a result of the physician-patient relationship is best described by option D, Confidential communication. This refers to the privacy of the communication between a patient and a physician, where the information shared is protected under patient confidentiality protocols and legal regulations like the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). The other options provided refer to different concepts: Respondeat superior (A) concerns the legal responsibility employers have for the actions of their employees, Professional liability (B) involves the legal obligation arising from professional actions or failures, Res ipsa loquitur (C) is a legal doctrine that infers negligence from the very nature of an accident or injury, and Informed consent (E) refers to the process by which a patient is fully informed about the risks, benefits, and alternatives of a procedure or intervention and then consents to it.