Final answer:
The fluent aphasias from the list provided are conduction aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia. These both involve the ability to produce speech fluently, unlike Broca's and transcortical motor aphasias, which are non-fluent and characterized by broken or halting speech.
Step-by-step explanation:
Aphasias are language disorders caused by damage to specific areas of the brain that are crucial for language processing. The question asks us to select fluent aphasias from a given list, which excludes those aphasias characterized by non-fluency in speech production.
- Conduction aphasia: This type of aphasia involves a loss of language function that affects the connection between understanding speech and producing speech, without a specific loss in either function.
- Wernicke's aphasia: Also known as receptive aphasia, this is not characterized by a loss in speech production but rather a loss in the understanding of language content. People with Wernicke's aphasia might speak with normal grammar, rate, prosody, and articulation but their sentences do not make sense or have meaningful content.
Therefore, the fluent aphasias from the options provided are conduction aphasia (a) and Wernicke's aphasia (d).
Broca's aphasia, also known as expressive aphasia, is a non-fluent aphasia characterized by broken or halting speech and a compromised ability to produce language. Similarly, transcortical motor aphasia (c) is considered a non-fluent aphasia as well, where speech output is reduced and there is difficulty in initiating speech, although comprehension and repetition might still be intact.