Final answer:
Parenteral medications are preferred in emergency settings over enteral medications due to their quicker absorption into the bloodstream which is crucial for immediate pharmacological effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
The characteristic that differentiates parenteral medications from enteral medications, particularly in the emergency setting, is the rate at which drugs are absorbed into the bloodstream. Parenteral methods tend to be absorbed more quickly than enteral, hence they are preferred in emergencies where rapid onset of action is critical. While enteral medications are often easier for patients to take at home and can offer a more predictable and measurable response, they might not be absorbed adequately if the patient has certain gastrointestinal issues or if immediate drug action is needed. Parenteral routes, such as intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) injections, bypass the gastrointestinal tract, leading to quicker absorption and consequently faster pharmacological effects.
This can be particularly important for achieving high plasma levels rapidly, as seen in the treatment of acute infections or for administering anesthesia. The choice between parenteral and enteral routes also considers the drug's physical properties, potential side effects, and the patient's condition. For instance, some drugs might be administered enterically to target intestinal issues directly or if the body's barriers, like skin or mucous, have been breached providing a direct portal into systemic circulation.