Final answer:
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect with symptoms such as heart murmur and cyanosis, diagnosed via echocardiography. Choanal atresia affects the nasal passages, leading to respiratory distress and is diagnosed through nasal endoscopy. They are treated surgically but target different anatomical structures.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tetralogy of Fallot and choanal atresia present differently due to the distinct systems they affect and their varying symptoms. Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect with four components: pulmonary infundibular stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. It often presents with symptoms such as heart murmur, cyanosis, dyspnea, and clubbing of fingers and toes. On the other hand, choanal atresia is a condition where the back of the nasal passage is blocked, typically by abnormal bony or soft tissue. It presents with respiratory distress, difficulty in feeding, and sometimes cyanosis, but only when the infant is feeding or crying. Tetralogy of Fallot is confirmed through echocardiography, while choanal atresia is diagnosed using nasal endoscopy or imaging. The treatment for Tetralogy of Fallot involves extensive surgical repair, whereas choanal atresia might require surgery to remove the blockage.