Final answer:
Cryotherapy is the surgical procedure that uses intense cold to seal a hole or tear in the retina. It involves applying extreme cold temperatures to freeze the tissue and create scar tissue that seals the tear. Laser photocoagulation is one form of cryotherapy used to treat retinal tears.
Step-by-step explanation:
The surgical procedure that uses intense cold to seal a hole or tear in the retina is called cryotherapy. Cryotherapy utilizes extreme cold temperatures to freeze and destroy abnormal cells or tissue. In the case of a retinal tear, the procedure involves applying a freezing probe to the affected area, causing the tissue to freeze and eventually creating scar tissue that seals the tear.
One example of cryotherapy being used to treat a detached retina is seen in Figure 30.40, where a laser is used to focus on a small spot on the retina, burning it and creating scar tissue to hold the retina in place. This technique, known as laser photocoagulation, is often used in cases where a tear is present. The focused laser beam can accurately target the tear and seal it effectively.
Cryotherapy is a relatively safe and effective procedure, but it may have some potential risks and side effects. These can include temporary vision changes, discomfort or pain during and after the procedure, and the possibility of retinal detachment or infection. However, with proper surgical technique and post-operative care, these risks can be minimized.