Final answer:
Microwave diathermy operates at a higher frequency, uses electrical fields for heating, and requires spacing between the skin and the applicator, distinguishing it from shortwave diathermy.
Step-by-step explanation:
In comparing microwave diathermy with shortwave diathermy, certain characteristics stand out. Microwave diathermy operates at a higher frequency compared to shortwave, which is essential for achieving deep tissue heating without the need for direct contact with the skin. This form of diathermy uses microwaves, which can penetrate more deeply than shorter wavelengths used in shortwave diathermy, making it effective in treating conditions like muscular pains, spasms, tendonitis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
The heating in microwave diathermy is mainly due to the effect of electrical fields that agitate water molecules within tissues, producing heat. This mechanism of action is different from shortwave diathermy, which may rely more on the effects of magnetic fields. Furthermore, due to increased safety and reduced risk of burns at these higher frequencies, microwave diathermy applicators usually require spacing between the skin and the applicator rather than being applied directly to the skin, as may be done with shortwave diathermy.