Final answer:
In electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, electrophilic reagents are associated with this type of coupling reaction, while in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions, nucleophilic reagents are associated. In electrophilic aromatic addition reactions, electrophilic reagents are associated, while in nucleophilic aromatic addition reactions, nucleophilic reagents are associated.
Step-by-step explanation:
In electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, electrophilic reagents are associated with this type of coupling reaction. These reagents are electron-deficient and can react with aromatic compounds to substitute one atom or group on the aromatic ring. A common example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction is the Friedel-Crafts reaction, where an electrophilic species reacts with an aromatic compound to form a new bond.
In electrophilic aromatic addition reactions, electrophilic reagents are also associated with this type of coupling reaction. These reactions occur between an electrophile and an aromatic compound, resulting in the addition of a new group to the aromatic ring. An example of an electrophilic aromatic addition reaction is the formation of an aryl cation intermediate followed by the addition of a nucleophile.
In nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions, nucleophilic reagents are associated with this type of coupling reaction. These reagents have a pair of electrons available for bonding and can react with an electrophilic aromatic compound to substitute one atom or group on the aromatic ring. A common example of a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction is the reaction between an aromatic compound and an amine nucleophile.
In nucleophilic aromatic addition reactions, nucleophilic reagents are also associated with this type of coupling reaction. These reactions occur between a nucleophile and an aromatic compound, resulting in the addition of a new group to the aromatic ring. An example of a nucleophilic aromatic addition reaction is the addition of a hydride ion to an aromatic compound.