Final answer:
Tolman, Lewin, and Rotter's work on expectancy-values and how our beliefs and values affect our actions was developed under the humanistic approaches to understanding motivation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tolman, Lewin, and Rotter's work on expectancy-values and how our beliefs and values affect our actions was developed under the humanistic approaches to understanding motivation. Humanistic psychologists like Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers focused on the growth potential of individuals and emphasized concepts such as self-actualization and self-determination.