Final answer:
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is the most common complication of oxygen therapy in premature newborns in intensive care settings, which can lead to abnormal development of retinal blood vessels and potentially result in blindness.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most common complication of oxygen therapy in premature newborns who are being cared for in an intensive care setting is Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP). This condition occurs when the retinal blood vessels of the premature infant develop abnormally due to changes in oxygen levels. Overexposure to oxygen can lead to ROP, and in severe cases, it can cause blindness. Regular monitoring of oxygen levels is crucial to prevent this complication. Other potential complications associated with oxygen therapy may include Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) and Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC), but ROP is the most directly related to fluctuating oxygen concentrations.