Final answer:
LDL can be modified by oxidation, which is typically mitigated by the body's antioxidants. Excess LDL leads to artery-clogging plaque, and a balanced diet, physical activity, and possibly medications are advised for management (Option A).
Step-by-step explanation:
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) can be modified primarily through oxidation. This process is normally prevented by the body's natural antioxidants, which work to maintain LDL in a non-toxic state.
Within the body, the amount of cholesterol synthesized is regulated by a feedback mechanism in response to blood cholesterol levels.
Excess LDL, if not managed, can lead to the formation of fatty streaks in the arteries, a precursor to more serious conditions such as heart attacks or strokes.
Hence, dietary modifications, including substituting saturated fat with unsaturated fat and avoiding trans fatty acids, alongside increased physical activity, are recommended to manage cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease.
The USDA suggests keeping high-fat foods to a minimum as part of a strategy to control cholesterol intake.
Furthermore, treatments including statins, fibrates, and other medications can prove effective in cases where dietary changes alone are not sufficient to manage high LDL levels.
Hence, the correct answer is: Oxidation; Antioxidants (Option A).