Final answer:
The most effective way to handle conflicts in a group is through open communication, understanding, and productive resolution efforts, while avoiding groupthink and polarization. Option c is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most effective way to handle conflicts in a group is to let group members express their conflicts and work through them productively. This approach encourages the expression of empathy, acknowledgment of past suffering, and the cessation of destructive behaviors, contributing to conflict resolution and reconciliation. It is essential to create an environment where all individuals feel heard and supported. Writing down frustrations may be part of this process, but it should not replace open communication and active listening. Techniques that promote understanding include choosing words carefully, asking open-ended questions, restating to avoid misunderstandings, and focusing on problem-solving rather than placing blame.
It's important to remember that unresolved conflicts can lead to decreased morale, high stress levels, and reduced productivity. Therefore, handling conflicts productively is key to maintaining a positive group dynamic. Leaders can offer material and solidarity incentives to encourage group participation and resolution of collective action problems. Moreover, group polarization should be avoided as it can strengthen extreme views without room for consensus.
Understanding and mitigating groupthink is also critical. Strategies such as seeking outside opinions, private voting, and the leader withholding position statements can improve group decision-making. When conflicts are challenging to resolve internally, it's advisable to reach out to a supervisor or HR department for assistance.