Final answer:
The research supports the claim that compulsory voting laws, like those implemented in Australia, Belgium, and Turkey, lead to higher voter turnout rates compared to countries like the United States, which does not have such laws. The correct answer is option d.
Step-by-step explanation:
The research excerpt from 'Compulsory Voting: An Idea Whose Time Has Come' is discussing the case that other countries have found success implementing compulsory voting. Citing the increase in voter turnout in Australia to 91% in 1924, which has remained around 95% since then, supports the idea that compulsory voting laws can lead to a high level of voter engagement.
Other countries mentioned, like Belgium and Turkey, also have high voter turnout rates of 87% and 86%, respectively, due to such laws. The United States, in contrast, has had a voter turnout rate between 55% to 65% in recent presidential elections, and even lower in non-presidential or local elections, without compulsory voting laws.