e) Composition fallacy
f) Division fallacy
g) No fallacy
h) Equivocation fallacy
i) Hasty generalization fallacy
Let's analyze each statement:
e) Each of the 500 weights in the weightroom weighs over 5 pounds. Therefore, if we weighed all the weights together, they would weigh over 5 pounds.
This statement is an example of a fallacy known as "composition," where one assumes that what is true of the parts is also true of the whole. In this case, the fact that each individual weight is over 5 pounds does not necessarily mean that the sum of all weights is over 5 pounds.
f) Monica works in the university cafe, and everyone knows that the university cafe is incredibly slow. Therefore, Monica is slow.
This is a fallacy of "division," where one assumes that what is true of the whole is true of its parts. Just because the university cafe is slow doesn't mean that every individual working there, in this case, Monica, is slow.
g) Either you voted for Clinton or you did not vote for Clinton.
This statement is not a fallacy. It represents a true dichotomy, as there are only two possible options when it comes to voting for Clinton: either you did or you did not.
h) If every member of the university is over 18, then the university is at least 18 years old.
This statement is an example of "equivocation," where the meaning of a term changes within the argument. In this case, the term "18" is used in different senses. The age of the members is not the same as the age of the institution.
i) The author warns about numerous computational errors in his accounting text. Therefore, he must have written it very carelessly.
This statement is an example of the "fallacy of hasty generalization," where a conclusion is drawn based on insufficient evidence. The fact that there are computational errors does not necessarily imply that the author wrote the text very carelessly. Other factors could contribute to the errors.