Final answer:
To effectively use direct quotations in a report, enclose the author's exact words in quotation marks, introduce the quote with a signal phrase, credit the source, and use the appropriate formatting style. For longer quotes, use a block quote format.
Step-by-step explanation:
When writing a report and using direct quotations, it is essential to use quotation marks ("") to indicate that you are using the exact words of another author verbatim. Direct quotes are particularly useful for establishing credibility, or ethos, and for providing evidence within your writing. They should be integrated smoothly into your text with an appropriate signal phrase to introduce the quote and clarify who is speaking or where the quote is from.
It's also important to credit the source of your quotation, whether through in-text citations, footnotes, or endnotes, depending on the formatting style your instructor has assigned, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago.
For longer passages, a block quote format is used when the quote extends beyond four lines in your report. Adjustments can be made to quotes for clarity or accuracy, provided that any changes are clearly marked and do not alter the original meaning. Remember to use quotations to support your points and demonstrate concrete evidence from primary or secondary sources.
However, relying too heavily on direct quotations can detract from your own analysis and perspective. Therefore, it's crucial to balance quotes with your own commentary and insights.