Final answer:
The plan with a bicameral legislature consisting of a Senate with equal representation and a House of Representatives with population-based representation is known as the Connecticut Compromise or the Great Compromise.
Step-by-step explanation:
The plan described in the student's question that calls for a bicameral legislature with one house representing a state's population and the other house representing the state equally is known as the Connecticut Compromise or the Great Compromise. This plan merged elements of the Virginia Plan, which proposed representation based on population in both houses of the legislature, and the New Jersey Plan, which advocated for equal representation for each state in a unicameral legislature. The Connecticut Compromise proposed a two-chamber Congress, consisting of the Senate with equal representation (two senators from each state) and the House of Representatives with representation based on population.
The plan described in the student's question is commonly known as the Connecticut Compromise or the Great Compromise. This pivotal agreement was crafted during the Constitutional Convention of 1787. It successfully reconciled the opposing viewpoints of the Virginia Plan, which called for representation based on population in both legislative houses, and the New Jersey Plan, which favored equal representation for each state in a unicameral legislature. The Connecticut Compromise proposed a bicameral legislature, comprising the Senate with equal representation (two senators from each state) and the House of Representatives with representation based on population. This compromise played a crucial role in shaping the structure of the United States Congress, demonstrating the spirit of compromise that was essential to the creation of the U.S. Constitution.