Final answer:
Fault Injection is the testing method that inserts problems into an application's error handling routes to assess the system's ability to withstand and recover from faults. It differs from fuzzing, stress testing, and dynamic code analysis by being more focused on the error handling capabilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of testing that focuses on inserting problems into the error handling processes and paths in an application is known as Fault Injection. This kind of testing intentionally introduces faults into a system to ensure that the system can withstand and recover from error conditions. It's a way to test the system's robustness and its ability to handle unexpected or erroneous inputs effectively. Unlike fuzzing, which sends random, unexpected, or invalid data to the inputs of a program, fault injection is more targeted, dealing specifically with the system's capability to handle error conditions. Stress testing evaluates how the system behaves under high load situations, and dynamic code analysis involves analyzing the code while it is running, but neither of those focuses specifically on error handling paths the way fault injection does.