Final answer:
X-rays are emitted isotropically, meaning they are emitted with equal intensity in all directions. The scattering and interference in a crystal can produce a pattern where the X-rays have varied intensities. The intensity is influenced by factors such as the electron's velocity and deceleration medium, creating a continuous spectrum of X-ray frequencies.
Step-by-step explanation:
X-rays are emitted isotropically - that is with equal intensity in all directions. When a monochromatic X-ray beam strikes a crystal, the atoms scatter the rays all over. If these scattered waves travel in the same direction, they undergo a phenomenon called interference, where they may constructively or destructively combine to form a pattern of varied intensity. This pattern depends on the phase difference between the waves. The intensity of the emitted X-rays can be influenced by a number of factors, including the frequency of the X-ray waves and the energy level of the electrons producing them.
X-ray production methods include bombarding a metal target with high-energy electrons, during which the electrons decelerate rapidly and emit electromagnetic radiation. The energy and intensity of the produced X-rays will depend on the electron's velocity and the medium in which they decelerate. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as braking radiation, and leads to a continuous spectrum of X-ray frequencies.