Final answer:
New cells are created through two critical processes: DNA replication during the S phase and mitosis during the M phase. DNA replication ensures each daughter cell obtains an identical copy of genetic information, while mitosis divides this replicated DNA into two new cells. Spindle fibers play a key role in separating chromosomes during mitosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two important processes needed for new cells to be created are DNA replication and mitosis. These processes are crucial parts of the S phase and M phase, respectively, within the cell cycle. During the S phase, DNA replication ensures that each new cell will receive an identical copy of the DNA. This is essential for maintaining the genetic consistency of the cells. Mitosis is the process by which the cell divides its replicated DNA and cytoplasm to produce two genetically identical daughter cells.
Mitosis can be broken down into four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. An important component of mitosis is the role of spindle fibers, which are structures that separate the chromosomes during cell division. They attach to chromosomes at structures called centromeres to ensure even distribution between the two new cells.
Together, DNA replication and mitosis are fundamental to cellular reproduction and growth, enabling the continuity of life and the repair and renewal of tissues.