Final answer:
The process through which glucose and amino acids are transported from the renal tubule to the peritubular capillaries is known as reabsorption. It mainly occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle, and is essential for maintaining bodily homeostasis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process during which glucose and amino acids enter the renal tubule and are then transported to the peritubular capillaries is called reabsorption. This crucial function of the nephron allows for the reclaiming of necessary substances from the filtrate back into the blood. During this process, substances like glucose, water, salts, ions, and amino acids that the body needs are reabsorbed primarily in the proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle.
Reabsorption plays an essential role in maintaining the body's chemical balance. When the amount of a substance like glucose exceeds the capacity of the carrier proteins, the excess is not reabsorbed and instead is excreted in the urine, which is often seen in conditions like diabetes.
Therefore, the answer to the question is c.reabsorption.