Final answer:
The common recourse between Native nations and the federal government during the early republic was through treaty-making and negotiations, shaped by the 'domestic dependent nations' status and Supreme Court rulings.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the early republic, the common recourse between Native nations, and between Native peoples and the federal government, was treaty-making and negotiation. This was largely due to Native nations' compromised positions after suffering losses from disease, battles, and displacement, making treaties an option to secure some rights and protections. Over time, however, rampant land encroachment and resource extraction by settlers, alongside broken treaties and policies aimed at assimilation, considerably undermined Native sovereignty.
Domestic dependent nation's status and the Supreme Court's paternalistic rulings, known as the Marshall Court trilogy, set forth the legal basis for this relationship. Although treaties were meant to protect Native interests, federal authorities, and military forces often disregarded these agreements, contributing to a legacy of exploitation and resistance. Treaty violations, mismanaged federal aid, and jurisdictional changes like the 1871 shift from treaty-making to congressional authority disrupted Native life significantly.