Final answer:
The two major factors in evolution that contribute to the diversity of life are mutations and natural selection. Mutations introduce new genetic variations, while natural selection promotes individuals with beneficial traits, ultimately leading to species diversity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two important factors in evolution that contribute to the diversity of living organisms are mutations and natural selection. Mutations refer to random changes in the hereditary material over time, introducing new alleles and potential traits into populations. These random genetic changes can result in adaptations that may give organisms a better chance of survival in their environment.
The process of natural selection acts on these mutations by promoting the reproductive success of individuals with beneficial traits while selecting against those with less advantageous characteristics. This combination of mutation and natural selection drives the evolution of species, leading to the vast array of life forms we see today.