Final answer:
Pharyngeal arch 3 gives rise to the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), which serves key roles in tongue and throat muscle contraction, taste sensation, and saliva production.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pharyngeal arch 3 gives rise to the glossopharyngeal nerve, which is the ninth cranial nerve. The glossopharyngeal nerve is essential for the contraction of muscles in the tongue and throat, contributes to the sense of taste, and triggers saliva production. The development of the cranial nerves is a complex process that involves the segmentation of the embryonic pharynx into pharyngeal arches, each giving rise to specific structures and associated nerves.
The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) is the cranial nerve that is derived from the pharyngeal arch 3. It is responsible for the contraction of muscles in the tongue and throat and contributes to the sense of taste and saliva production.