Final answer:
The location and size of an image can be determined using ray tracing and the thin lens equations. The relationship between object and image distance and size depends on whether the object is closer or farther than the focal length from the lens.
Step-by-step explanation:
The distance between an object and its image, as well as their sizes, can be determined using ray tracing and the thin lens equations. In general, if an object is farther than the focal length from the lens, the image distance is positive, meaning the image is real and located on the opposite side of the lens from the object. In this case, the image is inverted. On the other hand, if the object is closer than the focal length, the image distance becomes negative, indicating that the image is virtual and on the same side of the lens as the object. In this case, the image is upright.