Final answer:
The localization of function theory asserts that specific brain areas control defined functions, with brain damage leading to loss of associated functions, observable in neurological exams. In contrast, the equipotentiality theory argues that if part of a functional area is damaged, other parts can take over, a hypothesis emerging from Lashley's work but refined by later research like Kandel's.
Step-by-step explanation:
Localization of Function vs. Equipotentiality :
The theory of localization of function posits that specific parts of the brain are responsible for particular cognitive or physical functions. This is evident in how a neurological exam can identify the damaged region of the brain by assessing the functional loss in a patient. For example, language abilities are typically linked to the left hemisphere of the brain, encompassing areas like the superior temporal lobe and the posterior frontal lobe.
Differences between these theories are most apparent when examining the effects of brain injuries or diseases. The localization of function would predict that damage to a specific brain area will result in a loss of its associated function. Meanwhile, the equipotentiality hypothesis would suggest that nearby or related brain structures could compensate for the loss, to varying degrees, depending on the extensiveness and location of the damage.