Final answer:
Drugs are studied by classifying them into different classes based on their pharmacological effects. These classes are defined by how drugs interact with neurotransmitters, acting as either agonists or antagonists. Understanding these classifications helps researchers evaluate drug effects and potential for addiction.
Step-by-step explanation:
Because there are so many different drugs, with many having similar effects, we study drugs by classifying them into different classes of psychoactive drugs according to their pharmacological effects. These classifications take into account how drugs interact with the body's neurotransmitter systems, with drugs generally acting as either agonists or antagonists to enhance or decrease neurotransmitter activity, respectively. Some of the main classes include stimulants, depressants, anxiolytics, euphoriants, hallucinogens, and empathogens. Due to the complexity of these substances, drug studies often involve comparisons between two groups or the design of drug candidates through molecular-level computer-aided design programs, to understand their effectiveness for specific medical conditions or their potential for misuse and addiction.
Furthermore, beyond brain chemistry, psychoactive drugs' effects on the central nervous system also influence the transmission of nerve impulses in the brain. Misuse of these substances may lead to addiction, characterized by the compulsive use of a drug despite negative consequences. It is crucial to understand both the immediate and long-term effects of drug use, not only on individuals but also on public health and safety.