Final answer:
The correct answer is option (2) attempted to expose societal problems.
Step-by-step explanation:
Rachel Carson and Ralph Nader are considered similar to the muckrakers of the Progressive Era because they attempted to expose societal problems (option 2). Muckrakers during the Progressive Era worked tirelessly to shed light on the dark corners of American society, which included issues like corruption, poor working conditions, and urban poverty.
Both Carson, with her environmental work, notably 'Silent Spring,' and Nader with his consumer protection efforts, embodied these muckraking principles by bringing attention to significant issues affecting the public welfare, thereby inspiring reforms and legislative actions.