Final answer:
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA segment, which is key to understanding genetic information.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of identifying the sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA is known as DNA sequencing. This method, initially developed by Frederick Sanger and colleagues, is fundamental for understanding the genetic makeup. DNA sequencing allows researchers to detect the order of the four chemical building blocks - adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) - that make up the DNA molecule. The sequence reveals the genetic instructions coded in an organism and is essential for various biotechnological applications and understanding the organism at a molecular level.