Final answer:
Combination drugs containing a sulfonylurea (glimepiride) and a thiazolidinedione (pioglitazone or rosiglitazone) treat type 2 diabetes by stimulating insulin production and increasing insulin sensitivity. These drugs can cause side effects and responses can vary due to pharmacogenetics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to combination drugs that include a sulfonylurea oral antidiabetic drug (glimepiride) and a thiazolidinedione oral antidiabetic drug (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone). These combination drugs are used in the management of type 2 diabetes and work by different mechanisms to control blood glucose levels. Sulfonylureas like glimepiride stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin, which helps to lower blood sugar levels.
On the other hand, thiazolidinediones such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone improve insulin sensitivity in the tissues, also contributing to better glycemic control. It is important to note that combinations of these drugs should be used carefully under a doctor’s supervision due to the risk of side effects such as hypoglycemia, as experienced by the patient Arya with gliclazide. Additionally, pharmacogenetics can play a significant role in how patients respond to these medications, highlighting the importance of personalized medicine.